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Cognitive Biases

This deck explores the cognitive biases that influence how people perceive information and make decisions. Learners discover how mental shortcuts can distort judgment, leading to systematic errors in reasoning. The cards highlight common biases and explain how awareness of these patterns can improve critical thinking and decision-making.

Language: English
Theme: Clear Thinking & Decision-Making
Category: Business & Decision

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Sample flashcards from this deck

Card 1

Which bias makes people seek only evidence that supports their existing beliefs?

confirmation bias

Explanation

This pattern is called confirmation bias and it leads to one-sided evaluation of information.

Common mistake

Many think this bias means refusing all new information, but it mainly skews how evidence is selected and interpreted.

Card 2

Which heuristic makes rare but vivid events feel more likely than they are?

availability heuristic

Explanation

This pattern is known as the availability heuristic and skews risk perception toward memorable events.

Common mistake

People often think strong emotions alone cause this bias, but it depends on mental ease of recall.

Card 3

Which bias makes initial numbers strongly influence later estimates?

anchoring bias

Explanation

This pattern is called anchoring bias and it pulls judgments toward the first number encountered.

Common mistake

Many think only reasonable starting numbers anchor judgments, but even arbitrary numbers can have this effect.

Card 4

Which bias appears when people keep noticing only threat-related cues in a noisy environment?

attentional bias

Explanation

This is attentional bias, where some information consistently captures more focus than other information.

Common mistake

People often confuse this with memory problems, but it concerns what is noticed, not what is later recalled.

Card 5

Which bias occurs when someone only notices facts that match their current mood about a colleague?

selective perception bias

Explanation

This is selective perception bias, where existing attitudes shape what is noticed and how it is interpreted.

Common mistake

Many think this means deliberate ignoring, but it is often unconscious and automatic.

Card 6

Which bias makes highly noticeable information seem more important than it is?

salience bias

Explanation

This is salience bias, where what stands out visually or emotionally dominates reasoning.

Common mistake

People often think they evaluate all factors fairly, underestimating how much vivid cues drive their choices.

Card 7

Which effect increases liking for a brand after repeated neutral advertisements?

mere exposure effect

Explanation

This is the mere exposure effect, where simple repetition boosts preference even without new information.

Common mistake

Many assume content quality is always responsible, ignoring the power of simple repetition.

Card 8

Which bias leads people to keep collecting data long after it stops improving a decision?

information bias

Explanation

This is information bias, the tendency to seek more data instead of acting on what already matters.

Common mistake

People confuse thoroughness with quality, not realizing excess data can waste time without improving choices.

Card 9

Which effect makes people choose differently when outcomes are described as gains versus losses?

framing effect

Explanation

This is the framing effect, where logically equivalent choices feel different under different wording.

Common mistake

Many think rational people are immune to wording, underestimating how framing shifts perceived risk.

Card 10

Which heuristic is used when someone judges category membership by similarity to a stereotype?

representativeness heuristic

Explanation

This is the representativeness heuristic, which can ignore real underlying frequencies of events.

Common mistake

People often think strong resemblance guarantees high probability, forgetting that rare groups remain rare.

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